The potential influences of genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors are not fully understood. Development varies greatly between individuals. In humans, cerebral convolutions appear at about 5 months and take at least into the first year after birth to fully develop. Some of the more prominent sulci are, however, seen across individuals – and even species – making a common nomenclature across individuals and species possible. The sulcal pattern varies between human individuals, and the most elaborate overview on this variation is probably an atlas by Ono, Kubick and Abernathey: Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci. This in turn allows for the functions of the brain to continue growing.
A depression, sulcus, in the surface area allows for continued growth. A smooth-surfaced brain is only able to grow to a certain extent. Importance of expanded surface area Īs the surface area of the brain increases more functions are made possible. A fissure is a large furrow that divides the brain into lobes and also into the two hemispheres as the longitudinal fissure. A sulcus is a shallower groove that surrounds a gyrus. The sulci and fissures are both grooves in the cortex, but they are differentiated by size. When looking at the human brain, two-thirds of the surface are hidden in the grooves. The folded cortex creates a larger surface area for the brain in humans and other mammals. Larger or deeper sulci are termed fissures, and in many cases the two terms are interchangeable. Sulci, the grooves, and gyri, the folds or ridges, make up the folded surface of the cerebral cortex. 1.1 Importance of expanded surface area.
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